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  Pressure Ulcer 

   Pressure ulcer are also called bedsore.

A pressure ulcer: is any lesion caused by unrelieved pressure that results in damage to underlying tissue. 

 

Pressure Ulcer Risk Factors

1. Immobility and inactivity.
2. Inadequate nutrition (specifically, inadequate intakes of protein, carbohydrates, fluids, and vitamin C)
3. Fecal and urinary incontinence: because moisture make the skin easily to break and injury.
4. Decreased mental status: because there is decreased in the respond to the pain  associated with prolonged pressure.
5. Diminished sensation: paralysis or other neurologic disease may cause loss of sensation in a body area.
6. Other factors as: incorrect positioning, poor reposition, and repeated injections in the same area.

 

Stages of Pressure Ulcer Formation

• Stage I: erythema of intact skin.
• Stage II: Partial- thickness skin loss involving epidermis and dermis.
• Stage III: Full- thickness skin loss involving damage of subcutaneous tissue.
• Stage IV: Full- thickness skin loss involving damage of muscle, and bone.

Wound Healing

Healing is regeneration (renewal) of tissues.
 The time needed for healing depends on location, and size of wound, and health status of the client.

 

Complications of wound healing

1. Hemorrhage: some escape of blood from a wound is normal, but persistent bleeding is abnormal.
2. Hematoma: localized collection of blood underneath the skin, and may appear as a reddish blue swelling.
3. Infection

 

Factors affecting wound healing

1. Developmental considerations (child and elderly)
2. Nutrition: epically protein, carbohydrates, lipids, Vitamin A and C, and minerals.
3. lifestyle: regular exercises enhance  healing.      
4. Medications: such anti-inflammatory drugs.
5. Contamination and infection: it’s delay the healing process.